from typing import Dict
from types import MethodType
import itertools
import time
import warnings
import numpy as np
from numpy.linalg import solve as lin_solve
from numpy.linalg import svd
from numpy import identity
import pandas as pd
from scipy import stats, special, interpolate
from . import common_args
from ..util import read_param_file, ResultDict
from SALib.plotting.hdmr import plot as hdmr_plot
from SALib.util.problem import ProblemSpec
__all__ = ["analyze", "cli_parse", "cli_action"]
[docs]
def analyze(
problem: Dict,
X: np.ndarray,
Y: np.ndarray,
maxorder: int = 2,
maxiter: int = 100,
m: int = 2,
K: int = 20,
R: int = None,
alpha: float = 0.95,
lambdax: float = 0.01,
print_to_console: bool = False,
seed: int = None,
) -> Dict:
"""Compute global sensitivity indices using the meta-modeling technique
known as High-Dimensional Model Representation (HDMR).
HDMR itself is not a sensitivity analysis method but a surrogate modeling
approach. It constructs a map of relationship between sets of high
dimensional inputs and output system variables [1]. This I/O relation can
be constructed using different basis functions (orthonormal polynomials,
splines, etc.). The model decomposition can be expressed as
.. math::
\\widehat{y} = \\sum_{u \\subseteq \\{1, 2, ..., d \\}} f_u
where :math:`u` represents any subset including an empty set.
HDMR becomes extremely useful when the computational cost of obtaining
sufficient Monte Carlo samples are prohibitive, as may be the case with
Sobol's method. It uses least-square regression to reduce the required
number of samples and thus the number of function (model) evaluations.
Another advantage of this method is that it can account for correlation
among the model input. Unlike other variance-based methods, the main
effects are the combination of structural (uncorrelated) and
correlated contributions.
This method uses as input
- a N x d matrix of N different d-vectors of model inputs (factors/parameters)
- a N x 1 vector of corresponding model outputs
Notes
-----
Compatible with:
all samplers
Sets an `emulate` method allowing re-use of the emulator.
Examples
--------
.. code-block:: python
:linenos:
sp = ProblemSpec({
'names': ['X1', 'X2', 'X3'],
'bounds': [[-np.pi, np.pi]] * 3,
# 'groups': ['A', 'B', 'A'],
'outputs': ['Y']
})
(sp.sample_saltelli(2048)
.evaluate(Ishigami.evaluate)
.analyze_hdmr()
)
sp.emulate()
Parameters
----------
problem : dict
The problem definition
X : numpy.matrix
The NumPy matrix containing the model inputs, N rows by d columns
Y : numpy.array
The NumPy array containing the model outputs for each row of X
maxorder : int (1-3, default: 2)
Maximum HDMR expansion order
maxiter : int (1-1000, default: 100)
Max iterations backfitting
m : int (2-10, default: 2)
Number of B-spline intervals
K : int (1-100, default: 20)
Number of bootstrap iterations
R : int (100-N/2, default: N/2)
Number of bootstrap samples. Will be set to length of `Y` if `K` is set to 1.
alpha : float (0.5-1)
Confidence interval F-test
lambdax : float (0-10, default: 0.01)
Regularization term
print_to_console : bool
Print results directly to console (default: False)
seed : bool
Seed to generate a random number
Returns
-------
Si : ResultDict,
Sa : Uncorrelated contribution of a term
Sa_conf : Confidence interval of Sa
Sb : Correlated contribution of a term
Sb_conf : Confidence interval of Sb
S : Total contribution of a particular term
Sum of Sa and Sb, representing first/second/third order sensitivity indices
S_conf : Confidence interval of S
ST : Total contribution of a particular dimension/parameter
ST_conf : Confidence interval of ST
select : Number of selection (F-Test)
Em : Emulator result set
C1: First order coefficient
C2: Second order coefficient
C3: Third Order coefficient
References
----------
1. Rabitz, H. and Aliş, Ö.F.,
"General foundations of high dimensional model representations",
Journal of Mathematical Chemistry 25, 197-233 (1999)
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019188517934
2. Genyuan Li, H. Rabitz, P.E. Yelvington, O.O. Oluwole, F. Bacon,
C.E. Kolb, and J. Schoendorf,
"Global Sensitivity Analysis for Systems with Independent and/or
Correlated Inputs",
Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol. 114 (19), pp. 6022 - 6032, 2010,
https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9096919
"""
warnings.warn(
"This method will be retired in future, please use enhanced_hdmr instead.",
DeprecationWarning,
stacklevel=2,
)
# Random Seed
if seed:
np.random.seed(seed)
# Initial part: Check input arguments and define HDMR variables
settings = _check_settings(X, Y, maxorder, maxiter, m, K, R, alpha, lambdax)
init_vars = _init(X, Y, settings)
# Sensitivity Analysis Computation with/without bootstrapping
SA, Em, RT, Y_em, idx = _compute(X, Y, settings, init_vars)
# Finalize results
Si = _finalize(
problem, SA, Em, problem["num_vars"], alpha, maxorder, RT, Y_em, idx, X, Y
)
# Print results to console
if print_to_console:
_print(Si, problem["num_vars"])
return Si
def _check_settings(X, Y, maxorder, maxiter, m, K, R, alpha, lambdax):
"""Perform checks to ensure all parameters are within usable/expected ranges."""
# Get dimensionality of numpy arrays
N, d = X.shape
y_row = Y.shape[0]
# Now check input-output mismatch
if d == 1:
raise RuntimeError(
"Matrix X contains only a single column: No point to do"
" sensitivity analysis when d = 1."
)
if N < 300:
raise RuntimeError(
f"Number of samples in matrix X, {N}, is insufficient. Need at least 300."
)
if N != y_row:
raise RuntimeError(
f"Dimension mismatch. The number of outputs ({y_row}) should match"
f" number of samples ({N})"
)
if Y.size != N:
raise RuntimeError(
"Y should be a N x 1 vector with one simulated output for each"
" N parameter vectors."
)
if maxorder not in (1, 2, 3):
raise RuntimeError(
f'Field "maxorder" of options should be an integer with values of'
f" 1, 2 or 3, got {maxorder}"
)
# Important next check for maxorder - as maxorder relates to d
if (d == 2) and (maxorder > 2):
raise RuntimeError(
'SALib-HDMR ERROR: Field "maxorder" of options has to be 2 as'
" d = 2 (X has two columns)"
)
if maxiter not in np.arange(1, 1001):
raise RuntimeError(
'Field "maxiter" of options should be an integer between 1 to 1000.'
)
if m not in np.arange(1, 11):
raise RuntimeError('Field "m" of options should be an integer between 1 to 10.')
if K not in np.arange(1, 101):
raise RuntimeError(
'Field "K" of options should be an integer between 1 to 100.'
)
if R is None:
R = y_row // 2
elif R not in np.arange(300, N + 1):
raise RuntimeError(
f'Field "R" of options should be an integer between 300 and {N},'
f" the number of rows matrix X."
)
if (K == 1) and (R != y_row):
R = y_row
if alpha < 0.5 or alpha > 1.0:
raise RuntimeError(
'Field "alpha" of options should be an integer between 0.5 to 1.0'
)
if lambdax > 10.0:
raise RuntimeError(
'SALib-HDMR WARNING: Field "lambdax" of options set rather large.'
" Default: lambdax = 0.01"
)
elif lambdax < 0.0:
raise RuntimeError(
'Field "lambdax" (regularization term) of options cannot be'
" smaller than zero. Default: 0.01"
)
return [N, d, maxorder, maxiter, m, K, R, alpha, lambdax]
def _compute(X, Y, settings, init_vars):
"""Compute HDMR"""
N, d, maxorder, maxiter, m, K, R, alpha, lambdax = settings
Em, idx, SA, RT, Y_em, Y_id, m1, m2, m3, j1, j2, j3 = init_vars
# DYNAMIC PART: Bootstrap for confidence intervals
for k in range(K):
tic = time.time() # Start timer
# Extract the "right" Y values
Y_id[:] = Y[idx[:, k]]
# Compute the variance of the model output
SA["V_Y"][k, 0] = np.var(Y_id)
# Mean of the output
Em["f0"][k] = np.sum(Y_id) / R
# Compute residuals
Y_res = Y_id - Em["f0"][k]
# 1st order component functions: ind/backfitting
Y_em[:, j1], Y_res, Em["C1"][:, :, k] = _first_order(
Em["B1"][idx[:, k], :, :],
Y_res,
Em["C1"][:, :, k],
R,
Em["n1"],
m1,
maxiter,
lambdax,
)
# 2nd order component functions: individual
if maxorder > 1:
Y_em[:, j2], Y_res, Em["C2"][:, :, k] = _second_order(
Em["B2"][idx[:, k], :, :],
Y_res,
Em["C2"][:, :, k],
R,
Em["n2"],
m2,
lambdax,
)
# 3rd order component functions: individual
if maxorder == 3:
Y_em[:, j3], Em["C3"][:, :, k] = _third_order(
Em["B3"][idx[:, k], :, :],
Y_res,
Em["C3"][:, :, k],
R,
Em["n3"],
m3,
lambdax,
)
# Identify significant and insignificant terms
Em["select"][:, k] = f_test(
Y_id,
Em["f0"][k],
Y_em,
R,
alpha,
m1,
m2,
m3,
Em["n1"],
Em["n2"],
Em["n3"],
Em["n"],
)
# Store the emulated output
Em["Y_e"][:, k] = Em["f0"][k] + np.sum(Y_em, axis=1)
# RMSE of emulator
Em["RMSE"][k] = np.sqrt(np.sum(np.square(Y_id - Em["Y_e"][:, k])) / R)
# Compute sensitivity indices
SA["S"][:, k], SA["Sa"][:, k], SA["Sb"][:, k] = ancova(
Y_id, Y_em, SA["V_Y"][k], R, Em["n"]
)
RT[k] = time.time() - tic # Compute CPU time kth emulator
return (SA, Em, RT, Y_em, idx)
def _init(X, Y, settings):
"""Initialize HDMR variables."""
N, d, maxorder, maxiter, m, K, R, alpha, lambdax = settings
# Setup Bootstrap (if K > 1)
if K == 1:
# No Bootstrap
idx = np.arange(0, N).reshape(N, 1)
else:
# Now setup the bootstrap matrix with selection matrix, idx, for samples
idx = np.argsort(np.random.rand(N, K), axis=0)[:R]
# Compute normalized X-values
X_n = (X - np.tile(X.min(0), (N, 1))) / np.tile((X.max(0)) - X.min(0), (N, 1))
# DICT Em: Important variables
n2 = 0
n3 = 0
c2 = np.empty
c3 = np.empty
# determine all combinations of parameters (coefficients) for each order
c1 = np.arange(0, d)
n1 = d
# now return based on maxorder used
if maxorder > 1:
c2 = np.asarray(list(itertools.combinations(np.arange(0, d), 2)))
n2 = c2.shape[0]
if maxorder == 3:
c3 = np.asarray(list(itertools.combinations(np.arange(0, d), 3)))
n3 = c3.shape[0]
# calculate total number of coefficients
n = n1 + n2 + n3
# Initialize m1, m2 and m3 - number of coefficients first, second, third
# order
m1 = m + 3
m2 = m1**2
m3 = m1**3
# STRUCTURE Em: Initialization
Em = {
"nterms": np.zeros(K),
"RMSE": np.zeros(K),
"m": m,
"Y_e": np.zeros((R, K)),
"f0": np.zeros(K),
"c1": c1,
"C1": np.zeros((m1, n1, K)),
"C2": np.zeros((1, 1, K)),
"C3": np.zeros((1, 1, K)),
"n": n,
"n1": n1,
"n2": n2,
"n3": n3,
"maxorder": maxorder,
"select": np.zeros((n, K)),
"B1": np.zeros((N, m1, n1)),
}
if maxorder >= 2:
Em.update({"c2": c2, "B2": np.zeros((N, m2, n2)), "C2": np.zeros((m2, n2, K))})
if maxorder >= 3:
Em.update({"c3": c3, "B3": np.zeros((N, m3, n3)), "C3": np.zeros((m3, n3, K))})
# Compute cubic B-spline
Em["B1"] = B_spline(X_n, m, d)
# Now compute B values for second order
if maxorder > 1:
beta = np.array(list(itertools.product(range(m1), repeat=2)))
for k, j in itertools.product(range(n2), range(m2)):
Em["B2"][:, j, k] = np.multiply(
Em["B1"][:, beta[j, 0], Em["c2"][k, 0]],
Em["B1"][:, beta[j, 1], Em["c2"][k, 1]],
)
# Compute B values for third order
if maxorder == 3:
# Now compute B values for third order
beta = np.array(list(itertools.product(range(m1), repeat=3)))
EmB1 = Em["B1"]
for k, j in itertools.product(range(n3), range(m3)):
Emc3_k = Em["c3"][k]
beta_j = beta[j]
Em["B3"][:, j, k] = np.multiply(
np.multiply(
EmB1[:, beta_j[0], Emc3_k[0]], EmB1[:, beta_j[1], Emc3_k[1]]
),
EmB1[:, beta_j[2], Emc3_k[2]],
)
# DICT SA: Sensitivity analysis and analysis of variance decomposition
em_k = np.zeros((Em["n"], K))
SA = {
"S": em_k,
"Sa": em_k.copy(),
"Sb": em_k.copy(),
"ST": np.zeros((d, K)),
"V_Y": np.zeros((K, 1)),
}
# Return runtime
RT = np.zeros(K)
# Initialize emulator matrix
Y_em = np.zeros((R, Em["n"]))
# Initialize index of first, second and third order terms (columns of Y_em)
j1 = range(n1)
j2 = range(n1, n1 + n2)
j3 = range(n1 + n2, n1 + n2 + n3)
# Initialize temporary Y_id for bootstrap
Y_id = np.zeros(R)
return [Em, idx, SA, RT, Y_em, Y_id, m1, m2, m3, j1, j2, j3]
def B_spline(X, m, d):
"""Generate cubic B-splines using scipy basis_element method.
Knot points (`t`) are automatically determined.
References
----------
.. [1] https://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy/reference/generated/scipy.interpolate.BSpline.basis_element.html # noqa: E501
"""
# Initialize B matrix
B = np.zeros((X.shape[0], m + 3, d))
# Cubic basis-spline settings
k = np.arange(-1, m + 2)
# Compute B-Splines
for j, i in itertools.product(range(d), range(m + 3)):
k_i = k[i]
t = np.arange(k_i - 2, k_i + 3) / m
temp = interpolate.BSpline.basis_element(t)(X[:, j]) * np.power(m, 3)
B[:, i, j] = np.where(temp < 0, 0, temp)
return B
def _first_order(B1, Y_res, C1, R, n1, m1, maxiter, lambdax):
"""Compute first order sensitivities."""
Y_i = np.empty((R, n1)) # Initialize 1st order contributions
T1 = np.empty((m1, R, n1)) # Initialize T(emporary) matrix - 1st
it = 0 # Initialize iteration counter
lam_eye_m1 = lambdax * identity(m1)
# Avoid memory allocations by using temporary store
B1_j = np.empty(B1[:, :, 0].shape)
B11 = np.empty((m1, m1))
# First order individual estimation
for j in range(n1):
# Regularized least squares inversion ( minimize || C1 ||_2 )
B1_j[:, :] = B1[:, :, j]
B11[:, :] = B1_j.T @ B1_j
# if it is ill-conditioned matrix, the default value is zero
if np.all(svd(B11)[1]): # sigma, diagonal matrix, from svd
T1[:, :, j] = lin_solve(B11 + lam_eye_m1, B1_j.T)
C1[:, j] = T1[:, :, j] @ Y_res
Y_i[:, j] = B1_j @ C1[:, j]
# Backfitting Method
var1b_old = np.sum(np.square(C1), axis=0)
varmax = 1
while (varmax > 1e-3) and (it < maxiter):
for j in range(n1):
Y_r = Y_res
for z in range(n1):
if j != z:
Y_r = Y_r - B1[:, :, z] @ C1[:, z]
C1[:, j] = T1[:, :, j] @ Y_r
var1b_new = np.sum(np.square(C1), axis=0)
varmax = np.max(np.absolute(var1b_new - var1b_old))
var1b_old = var1b_new
it += 1
# Now compute first-order terms
for j in range(n1):
Y_i[:, j] = B1[:, :, j] @ C1[:, j]
# Subtract each first order term from residuals
Y_res = Y_res - Y_i[:, j]
return (Y_i, Y_res, C1)
def _second_order(B2, Y_res, C2, R, n2, m2, lambdax):
"""Compute second order sensitivities."""
Y_ij = np.empty((R, n2)) # Initialize 2nd order contributions
T2 = np.empty((m2, R)) # Initialize T(emporary) matrix - 1st
lam_eye_m2 = lambdax * identity(m2)
# Avoid memory allocations by using temporary store
B2_j = np.empty(B2[:, :, 0].shape)
B22 = np.empty((m2, m2))
# First order individual estimation
for j in range(n2):
# Regularized least squares inversion ( minimize || C1 ||_2 )
B2_j[:, :] = B2[:, :, j]
B22[:, :] = B2_j.T @ B2_j
# if it is ill-conditioned matrix, the default value is zero
if np.all(svd(B22)[1]): # sigma, diagonal matrix, from svd
T2[:, :] = lin_solve(B22 + lam_eye_m2, B2_j.T)
else:
T2[:, :] = 0.0
C2[:, j] = T2 @ Y_res
Y_ij[:, j] = B2_j @ C2[:, j]
# Now compute second-order terms
for j in range(n2):
# Subtract each first order term from residuals
Y_res = Y_res - Y_ij[:, j]
return (Y_ij, Y_res, C2)
def _third_order(B3, Y_res, C3, R, n3, m3, lambdax):
"""Compute third order sensitivities."""
Y_ijk = np.empty((R, n3)) # Initialize 3rd order contributions
T3 = np.empty((m3, R)) # Initialize T(emporary) matrix - 1st
lam_eye_m3 = lambdax * identity(m3)
# Avoid memory allocations by using temporary store
B3_j = np.empty(B3[:, :, 0].shape)
B33 = np.empty((m3, m3))
# First order individual estimation
for j in range(n3):
# Regularized least squares inversion ( minimize || C1 ||_2 )
B3_j[:, :] = B3[:, :, j]
B33[:, :] = B3_j.T @ B3_j
# if it is ill-conditioned matrix, the default value is zero
if np.all(svd(B33)[1]): # sigma, diagonal matrix, from svd
T3[:, :] = lin_solve(B33 + lam_eye_m3, B3_j.T)
else:
T3[:, :] = 0.0
C3[:, j] = T3 @ Y_res
Y_ijk[:, j] = B3_j @ C3[:, j]
return (Y_ijk, C3)
def f_test(Y, f0, Y_em, R, alpha, m1, m2, m3, n1, n2, n3, n):
"""Use F-test for model selection."""
# Initialize ind with zeros (all terms insignificant)
select = np.zeros(n)
# Determine the significant components of the HDMR model via the F-test
Y_res0 = Y - f0
SSR0 = np.sum(np.square(Y_res0))
p0 = 0
for i in range(n):
# model with ith term included
Y_res1 = Y_res0 - Y_em[:, i]
# Number of parameters of proposed model (order dependent)
if i <= n1:
p1 = m1 # 1st order
elif n1 < i <= (n1 + n2):
p1 = m2 # 2nd order
else:
p1 = m3 # 3rd order
# Calculate SSR of Y1
SSR1 = np.sum(np.square(Y_res1))
# Now calculate the F_stat (F_stat > 0 -> SSR1 < SSR0 )
F_stat = ((SSR0 - SSR1) / (p1 - p0)) / (SSR1 / (R - p1))
# Now calculate critical F value
F_crit = stats.f.ppf(q=alpha, dfn=p1 - p0, dfd=R - p1)
# Now determine whether to accept ith component into model
if F_stat > F_crit:
# ith term is significant and should be included in model
select[i] = 1
return select
def ancova(Y, Y_em, V_Y, R, n):
"""Analysis of Covariance."""
# Compute the sum of all Y_em terms
Y0 = np.sum(Y_em, axis=1)
# Initialize each variable
S, S_a, S_b = np.zeros((3, n))
# Analysis of covariance
for j in range(n):
# Covariance matrix of jth term of Y_em and actual Y
C = np.cov(np.stack((Y_em[:, j], Y), axis=0))
# Total sensitivity of jth term ( = Eq. 19 of Li et al )
S[j] = C[0, 1] / V_Y
# Covariance matrix of jth term with emulator Y without jth term
C = np.cov(np.stack((Y_em[:, j], Y0 - Y_em[:, j]), axis=0))
# Structural contribution of jth term ( = Eq. 20 of Li et al )
S_a[j] = C[0, 0] / V_Y
# Correlative contribution of jth term ( = Eq. 21 of Li et al )
S_b[j] = C[0, 1] / V_Y
return (S, S_a, S_b)
def _finalize(problem, SA, Em, d, alpha, maxorder, RT, Y_em, bootstrap_idx, X, Y):
"""Creates ResultDict to be returned."""
# Create Sensitivity Indices Result Dictionary
keys = (
"Sa",
"Sa_conf",
"Sb",
"Sb_conf",
"S",
"S_conf",
"select",
"Sa_sum",
"Sa_sum_conf",
"Sb_sum",
"Sb_sum_conf",
"S_sum",
"S_sum_conf",
)
Si = ResultDict((k, np.zeros(Em["n"])) for k in keys)
Si["Term"] = [None] * Em["n"]
Si["ST"] = [
np.nan,
] * Em["n"]
Si["ST_conf"] = [
np.nan,
] * Em["n"]
# Z score
def z(p):
return (-1) * np.sqrt(2) * special.erfcinv(p * 2)
# Multiplier for confidence interval
mult = z(alpha + (1 - alpha) / 2)
# Compute the total sensitivity of each parameter/coefficient
for r in range(Em["n1"]):
if maxorder == 1:
TS = SA["S"][r, :]
elif maxorder == 2:
ij = Em["n1"] + np.where(np.sum(Em["c2"] == r, axis=1) == 1)[0]
TS = np.sum(SA["S"][np.append(r, ij), :], axis=0)
elif maxorder == 3:
ij = Em["n1"] + np.where(np.sum(Em["c2"] == r, axis=1) == 1)[0]
ijk = Em["n1"] + Em["n2"] + np.where(np.sum(Em["c3"] == r, axis=1) == 1)[0]
TS = np.sum(SA["S"][np.append(r, np.append(ij, ijk)), :], axis=0)
Si["ST"][r] = np.mean(TS)
Si["ST_conf"][r] = mult * np.std(TS)
# Fill Expansion Terms
ct = 0
p_names = problem["names"]
if maxorder > 1:
p_c2 = Em["c2"]
if maxorder == 3:
p_c3 = Em["c3"]
for i in range(Em["n1"]):
Si["Term"][ct] = p_names[i]
ct += 1
for i in range(Em["n2"]):
Si["Term"][ct] = "/".join([p_names[p_c2[i, 0]], p_names[p_c2[i, 1]]])
ct += 1
for i in range(Em["n3"]):
Si["Term"][ct] = "/".join(
[p_names[p_c3[i, 0]], p_names[p_c3[i, 1]], p_names[p_c3[i, 2]]]
)
ct += 1
# Assign Bootstrap Results to Si Dict
Si["Sa"] = np.mean(SA["Sa"], axis=1)
Si["Sb"] = np.mean(SA["Sb"], axis=1)
Si["S"] = np.mean(SA["S"], axis=1)
Si["Sa_sum"] = np.mean(np.sum(SA["Sa"], axis=0))
Si["Sb_sum"] = np.mean(np.sum(SA["Sb"], axis=0))
Si["S_sum"] = np.mean(np.sum(SA["S"], axis=0))
# Compute Confidence Interval
Si["Sa_conf"] = mult * np.std(SA["Sa"], axis=1)
Si["Sb_conf"] = mult * np.std(SA["Sb"], axis=1)
Si["S_conf"] = mult * np.std(SA["S"], axis=1)
Si["Sa_sum_conf"] = mult * np.std(np.sum(SA["Sa"]))
Si["Sb_sum_conf"] = mult * np.std(np.sum(SA["Sb"]))
Si["S_sum_conf"] = mult * np.std(np.sum(SA["S"]))
# F-test # of selection to print out
Si["select"] = Em["select"].flatten()
Si["names"] = Si["Term"]
# Additional data for plotting.
Si["Em"] = Em
Si["RT"] = RT
Si["Y_em"] = Y_em
Si["idx"] = bootstrap_idx
Si["X"] = X
Si["Y"] = Y
Si.emulate = MethodType(emulate, Si)
Si.to_df = MethodType(to_df, Si)
Si._plot = Si.plot
Si.plot = MethodType(plot, Si)
if not isinstance(problem, ProblemSpec):
Si.problem = problem
else:
problem.update(Si)
problem.emulate = MethodType(emulate, problem)
return Si
def emulate(self, X, Y=None):
"""Emulates model output with new input data.
Generates B-Splines with new input matrix, X, and multiplies it with
coefficient matrix, C.
Compares emulated results with observed vector, Y.
Returns
========
Si : ResultDict, Updated
"""
# Dimensionality
N, d = X.shape
# Expand C
Em = self["Em"]
C1, C2, C3 = Em["C1"], Em["C2"], Em["C3"]
# Take average coefficient
C1 = np.mean(C1, axis=2)
C2 = np.mean(C2, axis=2)
C3 = np.mean(C3, axis=2)
# Get maxorder and other information from C matrix
m = C1.shape[0] - 3
m1 = m + 3
n1, n2, n3 = d, 0, 0
maxorder = 1
if C2.shape[0] != 1:
maxorder = 2
m2 = C2.shape[0]
c2 = np.asarray(list(itertools.combinations(np.arange(0, d), 2)))
n2 = c2.shape[0]
if C3.shape[0] != 1:
maxorder = 3
m3 = C3.shape[0]
c3 = np.asarray(list(itertools.combinations(np.arange(0, d), 3)))
n3 = c3.shape[0]
# Initialize emulated Y's
Y_em = np.zeros((N, n1 + n2 + n3))
# Compute normalized X-values
X_n = (X - np.tile(X.min(0), (N, 1))) / np.tile((X.max(0)) - X.min(0), (N, 1))
# Now compute B values
B1 = B_spline(X_n, m, d)
if maxorder > 1:
B2 = np.zeros((N, m2, n2))
beta = np.array(list(itertools.product(range(m1), repeat=2)))
for k, j in itertools.product(range(n2), range(m2)):
B2[:, j, k] = np.multiply(
B1[:, beta[j, 0], c2[k, 0]], B1[:, beta[j, 1], c2[k, 1]]
)
if maxorder == 3:
B3 = np.zeros((N, m3, n3))
beta = np.array(list(itertools.product(range(m1), repeat=3)))
for k, j in itertools.product(range(n3), range(m3)):
Emc3_k = c3[k]
beta_j = beta[j]
B3[:, j, k] = np.multiply(
np.multiply(B1[:, beta_j[0], Emc3_k[0]], B1[:, beta_j[1], Emc3_k[1]]),
B1[:, beta_j[2], Emc3_k[2]],
)
# Calculate emulated output: First Order
for j in range(0, n1):
Y_em[:, j] = B1[:, :, j] @ C1[:, j]
# Second Order
if maxorder > 1:
for j in range(n1, n1 + n2):
Y_em[:, j] = B2[:, :, j - n1] @ C2[:, j - n1]
# Third Order
if maxorder == 3:
for j in range(n1 + n2, n1 + n2 + n3):
Y_em[:, j] = B3[:, :, j - n1 - n2] @ C3[:, j - n1 - n2]
Y_mean = 0
if Y is not None:
Y_mean = np.mean(Y)
self["Y_test"] = Y
self["emulated"] = np.sum(Y_em, axis=1) + Y_mean
def to_df(self):
"""Conversion method to Pandas DataFrame. To be attached to ResultDict.
Returns
-------
Pandas DataFrame
"""
names = self["names"]
# Only convert these elements in dict to DF
include_list = ["Sa", "Sb", "S", "ST"]
include_list += [f"{name}_conf" for name in include_list]
new_spec = {k: v for k, v in self.items() if k in include_list}
return pd.DataFrame(new_spec, index=names)
def plot(self):
"""HDMR specific plotting.
Gets attached to the SALib problem spec.
"""
return hdmr_plot(self)
def _print(Si, d):
print("\n")
print(
"Term \t Sa Sb S ST #select "
)
print("-" * 84) # Header break
format1 = "%-11s \t %5.2f (\261%.2f) %5.2f (\261%.2f) %5.2f (\261%.2f) %5.2f (\261%.2f) %-3.0f" # noqa: E501
format2 = "%-11s \t %5.2f (\261%.2f) %5.2f (\261%.2f) %5.2f (\261%.2f) %-3.0f" # noqa: E501
for i in range(len(Si["Sa"])):
if i < d:
print(
format1
% (
Si["Term"][i],
Si["Sa"][i],
Si["Sa_conf"][i],
Si["Sb"][i],
Si["Sb_conf"][i],
Si["S"][i],
Si["S_conf"][i],
Si["ST"][i],
Si["ST_conf"][i],
np.sum(Si["select"][i]),
)
)
else:
print(
format2
% (
Si["Term"][i],
Si["Sa"][i],
Si["Sa_conf"][i],
Si["Sb"][i],
Si["Sb_conf"][i],
Si["S"][i],
Si["S_conf"][i],
np.sum(Si["select"][i]),
)
)
print("-" * 84) # Header break
format3 = "%-11s \t %5.2f (\261%.2f) %5.2f (\261%.2f) %5.2f (\261%.2f)"
print(
format3
% (
"Sum",
Si["Sa_sum"],
Si["Sa_sum_conf"],
Si["Sb_sum"],
Si["Sb_sum_conf"],
Si["S_sum"],
Si["S_sum_conf"],
)
)
keys = ("Sa_sum", "Sb_sum", "S_sum", "Sa_sum_conf", "Sb_sum_conf", "S_sum_conf")
for k in keys:
Si.pop(k, None)
return Si
[docs]
def cli_parse(parser):
parser.add_argument(
"-X",
"--model-input-file",
type=str,
required=True,
default=None,
help="Model input file",
)
parser.add_argument(
"-mor",
"--maxorder",
type=int,
required=False,
default=2,
help="Maximum order of expansion 1-3",
)
parser.add_argument(
"-mit",
"--maxiter",
type=int,
required=False,
default=100,
help="Maximum iteration number",
)
parser.add_argument(
"-m", "--m-int", type=int, required=False, default=2, help="B-spline interval"
)
parser.add_argument(
"-K",
"--K-bootstrap",
type=int,
required=False,
default=20,
help="Number of bootstrap",
)
parser.add_argument(
"-R",
"--R-subsample",
type=int,
required=False,
default=None,
help="Subsample size",
)
parser.add_argument(
"-a",
"--alpha",
type=float,
required=False,
default=0.95,
help="Confidence interval",
)
parser.add_argument(
"-lambda",
"--lambdax",
type=float,
required=False,
default=0.01,
help="Regularization constant",
)
return parser
[docs]
def cli_action(args):
problem = read_param_file(args.paramfile)
Y = np.loadtxt(
args.model_output_file, delimiter=args.delimiter, usecols=(args.column,)
)
X = np.loadtxt(args.model_input_file, delimiter=args.delimiter, ndmin=2)
mor = args.maxorder
mit = args.maxiter
m = args.m_int
K = args.K_bootstrap
R = args.R_subsample
alpha = args.alpha
lambdax = args.lambdax
options = options = {
"maxorder": mor,
"maxiter": mit,
"m": m,
"K": K,
"R": R,
"alpha": alpha,
"lambdax": lambdax,
"print_to_console": True,
}
if len(X.shape) == 1:
X = X.reshape((len(X), 1))
analyze(problem, X, Y, **options)
if __name__ == "__main__":
common_args.run_cli(cli_parse, cli_action)
